Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders affecting children today. Characterized by symptoms such as inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, ADHD can make it difficult for children to focus, follow through with tasks, and regulate their emotions. After a neuropsychological examination is completed and a child is diagnosed with ADHD, addressing nutrition is a common recommendation. Research has shown that diet and nutrition can play an important role in managing ADHD symptoms.
The Role of Nutrition in ADHD
Nutrition has a substantial impact on brain development, mood regulation, and cognitive function. Certain nutrients are essential for maintaining brain health and can affect a child’s ability to concentrate, manage emotions, and control impulsive behaviors. Here are some examples of how diet plays a role in ADHD:
Blood Sugar Levels: A diet high in refined sugars and processed foods can cause fluctuations in blood sugar, leading to periods of hyperactivity followed by crashes in energy, which can exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Stable blood sugar levels help support concentration and emotional regulation.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Studies have shown that children with ADHD may have lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for brain function. A lack of omega-3s can lead to difficulties with attention, focus, and impulse control.
Micronutrient Deficiencies: Nutrients such as iron, zinc, magnesium, and vitamins B6 and B12 are crucial for the proper functioning of the brain. Deficiencies in these nutrients have been linked to increased ADHD symptoms, including poor concentration, irritability, and hyperactivity.
Food Additives and Preservatives: Research has suggested that certain artificial food colorings and preservatives may contribute to hyperactivity in some children with ADHD. While this doesn’t apply to every child, some parents find that eliminating processed foods or artificial additives from their child’s diet leads to improved behavior.
Nutritional Strategies to Support Children with ADHD
While no single dietary change can “cure” ADHD, nutrition plays a key role in supporting a child’s cognitive function, attention span, and emotional regulation. Here are some practical tips for parents looking to optimize their child’s diet:
1. Focus on Protein-Rich Foods
2. Incorporate Omega-3 Fatty Acids
3. Avoid Excessive Sugar and Processed Foods
4. Ensure Adequate Micronutrient Intake
5. Eliminate Artificial Food Colorings and Additives
6. Consider Probiotics for Gut Health
If you are concerned about your child’s diet and its impact on ADHD symptoms, speak with a healthcare provider or nutrition expert to develop a personalized plan that supports your child’s unique needs.
For additional information or to schedule a consultation, please contact our office at 732-988-3441.
Natalie Angelo, Psy.D.
Temporary Permit # 243-090
Neuropsychology Post-Doctoral Fellow
Resources:
A. B. McCann, D. E. McGinnis, G. J. McNamara. (1995). Effects of dietary sugar on behavior and cognition in children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(6), 1071S-1075S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1071S
B. P. Faraone, M. C. Biederman, K. P. Mick. (2010). Micronutrient deficiencies in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Neurology, 25(5), 590-594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073809334583
Chang, J. P., Su, K. P., Mondelli, V., & Pariante, C. M. (2018). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Youths with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials and Biological Studies. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 43(3), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.160
L. M. Schab, P. R. Trinh. (2008). Food additives and hyperactive behavior in children: A review of the literature. Pediatrics, 121(1), e151-e157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-0105
Pinto, S., Correia-de-Sá, T., Sampaio-Maia, B., Vasconcelos, C., Moreira, P., & Ferreira-Gomes, J. (2022). Eating Patterns and Dietary Interventions in ADHD: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 14(20), 4332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204332