The term or diagnosis of functional cognitive disorder is a relatively new condition and one that requires additional research and longitudinal studies. Functional cognitive disorder is primarily reported by individuals as a condition interfering with various levels of attention and concentration as well as memory. These problems often interfere with and adversely affect an individual’s ability to function on a daily basis. These individuals often complain that they are less capable or competent as they were in the past. Common self-reported symptoms may include:
· Daily forgetfulness
· Cognitive/mental fatigue
· Misplacing things around the house
· Word finding or speech hesitancy
· Losing track during general conversation
· Having difficulty recalling past events
Obviously, these concerns are often described as being “frightening” to the patient, family members, friends, and coworkers. In contrast with other neurological conditions (e.g., dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury), there is no underlying neurological condition or brain structure abnormality.
As noted above, an individual with a diagnosis of functional cognitive disorder often experiences attentional difficulties and lapses in memory as a result of other factors. These may include, but not be limited to family issues, general health concerns, chronic pain, work or school-related stress, and other emotional variables. As discussed, it is imperative that a specific neurological condition be ruled out prior to considering a clinical diagnosis of functional cognitive disorder. This is often based on the results of laboratory tests, neuroimaging, and medical consultation (e.g., primary care physician, neurologist, endocrinologist, etc).
In addition, clinical neuropsychologists are consulted in order to gain a better understanding of the individual’s strengths and weaknesses and overall level of neurocognitive functioning. This will often include the administration and interpretation of a standardized battery of neuropsychological tests to evaluate an individual’s general level of intellectual functioning, memory, levels of sustained attention/concentration, auditory processing, sensorimotor abilities, executive functions, as well as personality variables. From a behavioral perspective, it is imperative to assess the individual’s level of daily stress and to either rule in or rule out depression and/or anxiety, which are known to be important factors contributing to functional cognitive disorder.
In conclusion, it is imperative that an individual with concerns regarding attentional difficulties and memory loss without a formal neurological diagnosis should consider an additional neurocognitive work up through a neuropsychologist. Following the successful completion of a neuropsychological evaluation, an accurate diagnosis can be made in conjunction with the implementation of specific treatment recommendations. These results will be vitally important to the patient, family members, referring physicians, and allied health professionals. An accurate diagnosis with appropriate treatment recommendations will undoubtedly result in a more favorable prognosis based on increased daily cognitive capabilities and reduced life stressors.
For additional information or to schedule a consultation, please contact our office at 732-988-3441.
Michael J. Raymond, Ph.D., ABN, FACPN
Board Certified Neuropsychologist #232
Licensed Psychologist #35S100252900